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The infrastructure of the London Underground includes 11 lines, with 270 stations. There are two types of line on the London Underground: services that run on the sub-surface network that is just below the surface and use larger trains, or the deep-tube lines, that are for the most part self-contained and use smaller trains. Most of the lines emerge onto the surface outside the central area. The oldest train running on the Underground was introduced in 1972. The Underground is electrified using a four-rail system, the DC traction supply being independent of the running rails. Planned improvements include new stations, line extensions and more lines with automatic train operation (ATO). ==Railway== The total length of railway on London Underground is and made up of the sub-surface network and the deep-tube lines.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=London Underground: Key Facts )〕 In 1971/72 it was remeasured in kilometres using Ongar as the zero point. ===Sub surface network and deep-level tube lines=== The Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines are services that run on the sub-surface network that has railway tunnels just below the surface and built mostly using the "cut-and-cover" method. The tunnels and trains are of a similar size to those on British main lines. The Hammersmith & City and Circle lines share all their stations and most of the track with other lines. The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels with a diameter of about , lined with cast-iron or precast concrete rings, which were bored using a tunnelling shield. It is these that were the ''tube'' lines, although since the 1950s the term "tube" has come to be used to refer to the whole London Underground system. Many of the central London deep-tube line stations, such as the Central and Piccadilly lines, are higher than the running lines to assist deceleration when arriving and acceleration when departing. The deep-tube lines generally have the exclusive use of a pair of tracks, except for the Piccadilly line, which shares track with the District line between Acton Town and North Ealing and with the Metropolitan line between Rayners Lane and Uxbridge, and the Bakerloo line, which shares track with London Overground services north of Queen's Park.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Detailed London Transport Map )〕 There are of cut-and-cover tunnel and of tube tunnel, the other 55 per cent of the system running above ground.〔 Trains generally run on the left-hand track, although in some places, for example the Central line east of St Paul's station, tunnels are above each other.〔 The running tunnels are on the right on the Victoria line between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras, allowing cross-platform interchange with the Northern line between northbound and southbound trains at Euston.〔 Seven of the 32 London boroughs are not served by the Underground. Six of these are south of the River Thames: Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Kingston, Lewisham and Sutton. The seventh unserved borough is Hackney, although Manor House and Old Street stations lie just outside its boundary. The borough is served by the London Overground's North London Line and its East London Line extension. Greenwich borough was unserved until North Greenwich station opened on the Jubilee line extension in 1999. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「London Underground infrastructure」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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